What instantaneous netting means
Under monthly netting, a utility tallies what you generated and what you consumed across a billing period and settles the difference. Midday production offsets evening consumption within the month before any excess is calculated.
Under instantaneous netting, the meter calculates the difference between inflow and outflow moment by moment. You pay the full retail rate for everything drawn from the grid at any instant, and everything sent to the grid earns only the Excess Distributed Generation rate.
The Indiana Supreme Court upheld a utility using this method, reasoning that when the General Assembly moved to the excess distributed generation scheme it did not direct utilities on how often excess generation must be measured.
So the statute set the rate and left the measurement interval open, and the courts declined to fill that gap. It is a technical point with a large practical consequence.
Why it compounds the rate change
Under monthly netting a low export rate only bites on genuine monthly surplus. Most of your midday generation would already have been offset against evening consumption before the export calculation happened.
Under instantaneous netting, every kilowatt hour that exceeds your demand at that exact moment is an export, even if you will use twice that much power four hours later.
That converts a large share of a typical household generation from offsets into exports, and each of those is credited at roughly 70 to 80 percent below retail.
So the two changes together do far more damage than either alone. A design that would have been fine under monthly netting with a low export rate can be poor under instantaneous netting with the same rate.
The question to put to your utility
Ask which netting method your specific utility applies: instantaneous, or netting across a billing period. The Supreme Court permitted instantaneous netting; it did not require every utility to adopt it.
Get that answer from the utility rather than from an installer, in writing if possible, because it is the single fact that most changes what a system is worth at your address.
Then ask your installer which method the savings projection assumed. A model built on monthly netting applied to an instantaneous-netting utility will overstate the result substantially.
Ask for the projection under both methods if there is any doubt. The difference between the two versions tells you how much rides on that answer.
Building the number from what Indiana still offers
The 30 percent federal Residential Clean Energy Credit under Section 25D expired for property placed in service after December 31, 2025, so a cash or loan purchase in Fort Wayne receives no federal tax credit, and Indiana has no state income tax credit for solar.
Section 48E survives at 30 percent for third-party owners under leases and power purchase agreements, so ask what a provider claims and what reaches you in the rate.
What exists is the 7 percent sales tax exemption, the property tax exemption on added value, retail value for self-consumed generation, and the Excess Distributed Generation rate for exports under whichever netting method your utility applies.
Ask for that method confirmed in writing by the utility, and for the projection built on it rather than on a generic assumption.